LANGUAGE:
Fig Tree Object Lesson
(Mark 11:12-22)
You are listening to a message by Dr. David Wolfe at Bensenville Bible Church, a culturally mixed community on the outskirts of Chicago.
Our study today comes from Mark’s Gospel, chap 11, vs 12-22. The focus is on a fig-tree that Jesus uses as an object lesson as to the spiritual make up of Israel.
As Mark tells the story, Jesus approaches a fig tree with the intent of having a snack, (v12), but there are no figs. Seeing that there are no figs, Jesus does the oddest thing, He curses the tree to never bear again.
Now a casual reading makes it appear that Jesus cursed the tree simply because He was hungry and He couldn’t have a fig. To add to the confusion, Mark tells us that it wasn’t even the season for figs. Seems a bit extreme, don’t you think, for Jesus to curse the fig tree because there simply was no figs?!
Yet tucked in this story is an object lesson about God’s thoughts on empty spirituality that we need to process and apply to our own lives.
To help us extract the lesson, we have to ask a couple of question, questions such as ‘Why did Jesus curse the fig tree in the first place?’ And why did He make a big deal that it never again produce fruit? I think inquiring minds would like some insight.
Let’s take a moment and ask God to guide us as we wrestle with Jesus’ Fig Tree Object Lesson. Heavenly Father, we pray for your help as we study this thought provoking lesson. Keep us from error, open our eyes that we might learn, with the disciples, lessons from the fig tree that will help us stand faithfully in the midst our own nations decay. And we ask this in your Son’s name. Amen.
Open our Bibles to Mark 11:12-22 and follow along as I read the story of the cursed fig tree.
12The next day, when they left Bethany, Jesus became hungry. 13In the distance he saw a fig tree with leaves. He went to see if he could find any figs on it. When he came to it, he found nothing but leaves because it wasn’t the season for figs. 14Then he said to the tree, “No one will ever eat fruit from you again!” His disciples heard this. 15When they came to Jerusalem, Jesus went into the temple courtyard and began to throw out those who were buying and selling there. He overturned the moneychangers’ tables and the chairs of those who sold pigeons. 16He would not let anyone carry anything across the temple courtyard. 17Then he taught them by saying, “Scripture says, ‘My house will be called a house of prayer for all nations,’ but you have turned it into a gathering place for thieves.” 18When the chief priests and scribes heard him, they looked for a way to kill him. They were afraid of him because he amazed all the crowds with his teaching. 19Every evening Jesus and his disciples would leave the city. 20While Jesus and his disciples were walking early in the morning, they saw that the fig tree had dried up. 21Peter remembered ⌊what Jesus had said⌋, so he said to Jesus, “Rabbi, look! The fig tree you cursed has dried up.” 22Jesus said to them, “Have faith in God!
I don’t know about you, but this whole ‘fig tree thing’ is a mind twister. In fact, it seems to dominate everything from v11 to chap 13. If we are to make any sense out of this incident, we must absolutely grasp the context. The drama begins in v11, with Jesus scoops out temple activities. This is followed by an in-depth temple cleansing, and ending with the foretelling of the destruction of the temple in chap 13.
The staggering truth of the fig tree is that it is about destruction, and stands in sharp contrast to the healings and transformative acts that have taken place previously. Jesus’ driving out the chaos in v15 graphically portrays God’s rejection of the culture surrounding the temple and looking forward to the coming destruction.[i] The incident is designed to picture the absence of true spirituality as set forth by God throughout the Old Testament. The point is, the fig tree became a visual object lesson as to the dangers of a lifeless spirituality.
In Jesus day the temple had become a nationalistic symbol that drew a distinction between Israel and the nations. While at the same time it was never meant to be treated as a national shrine. Further, another twist to the drama is that in the Bible God uses the fig-tree and the grape vine routinely as metaphors for spirituality. For example, Hosea 9:10 (GW) ⌊The Lord said,⌋ “When I found Israel, it was like finding grapes in the desert. When I saw your ancestors, it was like seeing the first figs of the harvest.
Let’s take a moment wrestle with this withered up fig tree and its lesson on spirituality.
I am told that in Israel, because of climate, etc., that it’s possible to harvest figs two or three times each year. Each harvest crop cycle goes through the same process. The tree first produces its fruit and then leaves form. So if you see a fig tree with its leaves, one can assume its figs have already grown.[ii]
As Jesus and disciples meandered along the path, there’s a beautiful fig tree all filled out, giving the impression fruitfulness. So in application, the worship in the temple gave the impression of rich spirituality, when in actuality it was ceremonial empty. As Isaiah the prophet said in Isaiah 29:13(NASB95) These people honor Me with their lips, but their hearts are far from Me. They worship Me in vain; they teach as ‘God’ doctrines the precepts of men.
So when Jesus came to the Temple that day, what did He see? Based on v15, Alistair Begg points out that it was a place of total chaos, where the glory of God was to be obviously evident, and the prospect of living water and fruit brought satisfaction. But upon close examination, it was absolutely useless in terms of what it had to offer.[iii] When Jesus cursed the fig-tree for its lack of figs, v14, Mark puts out for us that the disciples were listening. That’s is, they heard every word.
Jumping down to vs19ff, 19When evening came, they would go out of the city. 20As they were passing by in the morning, they saw the fig tree withered from the roots up. 21Being reminded, Peter said to Jesus, “Rabbi, look, the fig tree which You cursed has withered.” Don’t miss this: the barren fig tree is not reformed or cleansed, it is cursed. It’s barrenness represented the barrenness of Israel’s spirituality. As Jesus clearly says in John 15, when there is no fruit, destruction follows. To quote Ray Stedman, The cursing of the fig tree represented God’s cursing of the heart of this nation, because it had nothing but leaves. It appeared to have life, but in reality did not. It appeared to offer hope to men and women of the nations of earth. From all over the earth people were coming to the temple at Jerusalem, hoping to find an answer to the emptiness and the burden of their heart, but finding no help there at all. So Jesus cursed the spiritual center of the nation.[iv]
In this story I believe there are two take away lessons that we need to pay close attention.
The first take-away-lesson of the fig tree is this—be careful of false spiritual appearances. Jesus cursed the fig tree because it had the appearance of seasonal fruitfulness. It was full. It was beautiful. Much like the worship in the temple. Full. Rich. Lots of pomp and circumstance.
Jesus entered the temple, the center of Israel’s religious life, looking for prayerfulness, fruitfulness (v17), and what does He find? Empty Charades. Worship had become a shame.
Alistair Begg writes: The barren fig tree, emblematic of a ceremonial, religious legalism that created the notion of satisfying the hungry heart—but when the people got up to it, there was nothing there to satisfy. And for some of us, that is all that we’ve known in our own worship settings: lots of ceremony and what might be called religious jargon.[v] Kent Hughs warns us that Just because we look good, because our leaves are large and shiny, does not mean that we are bearing fruit pleasing to God. This is a valuable image for us.[vi]
Listen carefully: As the story unfolds, Mark adds a twist to the drama by telling us that it wasn’t the season for figs. Diane Shirlaw, in her blog writes: from the distance the tree appeared to be more advanced than the others, and made it seem at a distance to offer something substantial, but in actuality offered nothing but leaves.[vii] This tree was a vivid depiction of hypocritical spirituality. It had the appearance of substance, but in actuality was fruitless.
Jesus had some sharp words for those who faked spirituality in Matthew 23:27–28 (GW) 27“How horrible it will be for you, scribes and Pharisees! You hypocrites! You are like whitewashed graves that look beautiful on the outside but inside are full of dead people’s bones and every kind of impurity. 28So on the outside you look as though you have God’s approval, but inside you are full of hypocrisy and lawlessness.
In Jesus’ day tombs were often white-washed to make them look attractive to the passer-byer—but inside dead people’s bones and every kind of impurity.
Donald Hagner, in his commentary writes: The fundamental flaw of the Pharisees, their hypocrisy, was in their concerted attempt to appear to be what they unfortunately were not. While they wanted to appear righteous, in fact they were unrighteous.[viii]. I lived for a number of years on a dairy farm. Every so often we would come and white-wash the walls. White-wash is mixture of lime and water to whiten the walls.[ix] It is designed to conceal flaws, imperfections, blemishes and manure splashes from the cows. When done, the walls look pearly white, sparkly clean, and beautiful. It gives the impression of nice clean barn walls. But on close inspection the flaws and manure spits from the cows can be seen. The White-wash does nothing more than to cover. A casual glance gave the appearance of cleanliness. But upon close inspection not so much.
Mark makes it a point that it was not the season for figs, but the tree gave the appearance that it was the season. The point for us is that we need to be careful we don’t give those around us an appearance of fruitfulness, when in actuality we are no different than the culture in which we live. Underneath the fancy cloths and beautiful smiles is a barren life. Such portrayals are not acceptable to God.
That brings me to a second take away lesson—To live spirituality true takes real faith in God. Vs21–22 21Being reminded, Peter said to Him, “Rabbi, look, the fig tree which You cursed has withered.” 22And Jesus answered saying to them, “Have faith in God. What a polar opposite conversation—withered dead tree vs faith in God. It only makes sense when we keep the events in context. I love how Ray Stedman lays it out: Jesus was not telling Peter and us the secret of how to curse fig trees; Instead He is telling Peter and us the secret of how to live so as not to be cursed.[x]
We don’t want to miss what Jesus was telling the disciples. The nation of Israel was cursed because they had lost faith in God. In their worship they were too busy mimicking the meaningless rituals of the nation’s around them and caught up in performance, which produced a religious glaze, if you well, that glossed over their inward emptiness. And so, like the tree Jesus cursed, they were withered from the roots up. The point Jesus is making is, to keep from being spiritually withered, we need an active faith in God. I believe the point Mark wanted us to get a hold of is that, despite the withered up fig tree (a picture of Israel’s own spiritual decay), we are called to center our faith in God, not ceremonial pomp and circumstances that often occur in our churches.
This incident should cause us to examine our own spiritual behavior. In closing I want to leave us with two challenges for the week.
Years ago Matt Redman wrote a song entitled The Heart of Worship.[xi] The song flowed out of a ministry moment. As Matt Redman tells it:
In the late 1990s, the preaching pastor at his church in Watford, England sensed that their worship gatherings were going flat spiritually, that the congregation was going through the motions, and worship wasn’t flowing from the heart like true Christian worship must. “There was a dynamic missing,” says Redman, “so the pastor did a pretty brave thing. He decided to get rid of the sound system and band for a season, and we gathered together with just our voices. His point was that we’d lost our way in worship, and the way to get back to the heart would be to strip everything away.”[xii]
The point is, when we worship . . .
We’re to bring to God more than a song
For a song in itself
Is not what God requires
For God searches much deeper within
Through the way things appear
Looking deep within our hearts
“The heart of worship is not music and song, but heads and hearts in joyful awe of the real Jesus.”
So I must ask, to what degree is your spirituality, my spirituality, our spirituality together built on performance and music rather than heart felt worship?
That brings us to v22 where Peter is astounded by the withered up fig tree. Jesus’ answered Peter . . . if you want to live, really live, you have to have faith in God!! Reading Jesus’ response caused me to reflect for a moment on Hebrews 11:6 (NASB95) And without faith it is impossible to please Him, for he who comes to God must believe that He is and that He is a rewarder of those who seek Him. Faith is rooted in our 100% belief that God exists. If we don’t have total trust in His existence, we don’t have faith. It is impossible to please God without having faith that He exists and will reward those who seek Him. As Bruce Barton reminds us in his commentary, real faith begins in the heart. To have a strong, vibrant, living faith requires a personal relationship with the risen Christ. Jesus is Lord; we are his disciples. We are being called to move beyond the veneer and trappings of Christianity to genuine faith in Christ. Faith puts fruit on our trees; it fills life’s shell with love forever.[xiii]
To have faith is to know God. John 17:3 (NASB95) “This is eternal life, that they may know You, the only true God, and Jesus Christ whom You have sent.
Real genuine faith is rooted in a real genuine knowledge of God that is rooted in absolute trust. As we are told in Galatians 3:6 (NASB95) Abraham BELIEVED GOD, AND IT WAS RECKONED TO HIM AS RIGHTEOUSNESS. And that my friends is absolutely true.
Would you join me now in prayer? Heavenly Father, thank you that Your Word demands the best of us—that at its very core, when we stand back from it, it presents a wonderful picture of the Lord Jesus Christ. When we stand up close to the scriptures and examine the details, we find much to be challenged by it. That it makes demands upon our thinking. May we not be like the fig tree, robust and full on the outside, but empty and barren on the inside.
As we come to the Lord’s Table may our lives be enriched, and we sense the wonder of Your forgiveness given to us in Christ Jesus.
I would like today’s communion to be a response to our hearing God’s Word today. This is really meant to be a special thing for us as a culturally mixed body of believers. Communion is meant to be a communal experience, not a private alone.
This is probably going to be a little awkward for us, but here are our instructions: We’ll pass out the bread and the cup the normal way.
Pastor Ricardo will read 1 Corinthians 11:23–24 (NASB95) and then lead in prayer. Then we’ll open the packet with bread, then please turn to the person next to you and say to them
The body of Christ, broken for you . . . then the person next to you will repeat . . . the body of Christ broken for you . . . then we eat the bread together
We’ll do the same with the cup. I will read 1 Corinthians 11:25-26 and lead in prayer. Then we’ll remove the seal and you’ll turn to the person next to you and say to them This is the blood of Christ, poured out for you. . . then the person next to you will repeat . . . This is the blood of Christ, poured out for you. . . then we’ll drink the cup together.
As we come to the table of our Lord we’ll now pass the ‘elements’.
Pastor Ricardo Scripture & Prayer: 1 Corinthians 11:23–24 23For I received from the Lord that which I also delivered to you, that the Lord Jesus in the night in which He was betrayed took bread; 24and when He had given thanks, He broke it and said, “This is My body, which is for you; do this in remembrance of Me.”
The body of Christ, broken for you
Pastor Dave Scripture & Prayer: 1 Corinthians 11:25-26 In the same way also he took the cup, after supper, saying, “This cup is the new covenant in my blood. Do this, as often as you drink it, in remembrance of me.” For as often as you eat this bread and drink the cup, you proclaim the Lord’s death until he comes. (ESV)
The blood of Christ, poured out for you
[i] David E. Garland,
Mark, The NIV Application Commentary (Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan Publishing House, 1996), 436.
[ii] Diane Shirlaw-Ferreira, Lessons From the Cursed FigTree –Why Did Jesus Curse The Fig Tree and the Fascinating Answer! (Mark 11:11-14, 20-25) https://www.worthbeyondrubies.com/why-did-jesus-curse-the-fig-tree/
[iii] Alistair Begg, Lessons From The Fig-Tree (Mark 11:11-25, Pt1), https://www.truthforlife.org/resources/sermon/lessons-fig-tree-part-one/
[iv] Ray Stedman, The King Is Coming (Mark 11:1-25), https://www.raystedman.org/new-testament/mark/the-king-is-coming
[v] Alistair Begg, Lessons From The Fig-Tree (Mark 11:11-25, Pt1), https://www.truthforlife.org/resources/sermon/lessons-fig-tree-part-one/
[vi] R. Kent Hughes, Mark: Jesus, Servant and Savior, vol. 2, Preaching the Word (Westchester, IL: Crossway Books, 1989), 86–87.
[vii] Diane Shirlaw-Ferreira, Lessons From the Cursed FigTree –Why Did Jesus Curse The Fig Tree and the Fascinating Answer! (Mark 11:11-14, 20-25) https://www.worthbeyondrubies.com/why-did-jesus-curse-the-fig-tree/
[viii] Donald A. Hagner, Matthew 14–28, vol. 33B, Word Biblical Commentary (Dallas: Word, Incorporated, 1995), 671.
[ix] https://duckduckgo.com/?q=white+washed&atb=v241-1&ia=definition. A mixture of lime and water, often with whiting, size, or glue added, that is used to whiten walls, fences, or other structures. Concealment or palliation of flaws or failures. Whitewash, or calcimine, kalsomine, calsomine, or lime paint is a type of paint made from slaked lime or chalk calcium carbonate, sometimes known as "whiting". Various other additives are sometimes used.
[x] Ray Stedman, The King Is Coming (Mark 11:1-25), https://www.raystedman.org/new-testament/mark/the-king-is-coming
[xi] Matt Redman, The Heart Of Worship, https://www.azlyrics.com/lyrics/michaelwsmith/theheartofworship.html
[xii] David Mathis, Back To The Heart Of Worship, https://www.desiringgod.org/articles/back-to-the-heart-of-worship
[xiii] Bruce B. Barton, Mark, Life Application Bible Commentary (Wheaton, IL: Tyndale House Publishers, 1994), 319.